Prevalence of Plasmodium falciparum Infection Among Pregnant Women Visiting Community Hospitals in Aguata L.G.A., Anambra State, Nigeria
Rose Lotachukwu Nwangwu,
Chukwudi Michael Egbuche,
James Ikechukwu Mbanugo,
Vivian Ifediba Onwuzulike
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 4, December 2020
Pages:
76-80
Received:
11 November 2020
Accepted:
24 November 2020
Published:
25 December 2020
Abstract: A Study on the prevalence of Plasmodium falciparum infection among pregnant women visiting community hospitals in Aguata LGA of Anambra State, Nigeria was carried out between October, 2014 and March 2015. Six hundred and five (605) pregnant women from 5 communities, who attended antenatal clinic during the research period, were involved in the study. Venous blood samples were collected and Plasmodium infection determined using microscopy of Giemsa stained thick and thin blood films. Of the 605 pregnant women sampled, 263 (43.5%) were infected. The prevalence by community was highest (67.4%) in Uga and least (29.9%) in Achina (P<0.05). Prevalence by age was highest (46.9%) in the age group (21–25) years and least (39.5%) in the age group (31-35) years (P>0.05). Highest prevalence (43.7%) was recorded among women that attained secondary school while women that attained tertiary education recorded the least (42.5%) prevalence (P>0.05). Farmers had the highest (81.8%) prevalence and the least (40.5%) was among traders (P<0.05). The highest prevalence (52.0%) was recorded among those in their second trimester and lowest (33.7%) among those in their third trimester (P<0.05). Women who started ANC in their third trimester had highest prevalence (56.5%) whereas those that started ANC in second trimester had least (37.6%) prevalence (P<0.05). With the high prevalence of Plasmodium infection in the study area, there is need for continual community enlightenment programs to reduce the burden of Plasmodium infection especially during pregnancy.
Abstract: A Study on the prevalence of Plasmodium falciparum infection among pregnant women visiting community hospitals in Aguata LGA of Anambra State, Nigeria was carried out between October, 2014 and March 2015. Six hundred and five (605) pregnant women from 5 communities, who attended antenatal clinic during the research period, were involved in the stud...
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Revolutionary Study in Antibody and Bacterial Mediated Immunotoxin for Breast Cancer Treatment
Rajaganapathy Kaliyaperumal,
Yuvaraj Govindarajan,
Dillibabu
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 4, December 2020
Pages:
81-86
Received:
3 November 2020
Accepted:
19 November 2020
Published:
31 December 2020
Abstract: Many of this treatments for Breast cancer (BC-carcinoma), including surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy, haven't been effective in diminishing mortality rates, but bacterial mediated Antibody-immunotoxins has become one in all the best approaches to cancer treatment. Under these exceeding background, the present review, based on increasing mini report on bacterial mediated immunotoxins for breast cancer treatment. Various methodology suggest that, antibody therapies has been an central component in the association of malignant disease. Antibodies be capable of block the tumour growth factors or their specificity receptors and activate the immunological attack on the tumour microenvironment especially in breast cancer cells leads to tumor regression, and are used to deliver payloads such as radioisotopes, cytotoxic drugs or toxins. Immunotoxins are a new class of antitumour agents consisting of tumour selective ligands (generally mono clonal antibodies) linked to highly toxic protein molecules such as non-pathogenic bacterial species or programmed bacteria and take the advantage of the exquisite specificity of antibodies to selectively target drug delivery and the potency of toxins to kill the target cells. Currently, the attenuated bacteria as antitumor agents and vectors for gene directed enzyme prodrug or antibody conjugate therapy or immunotoxin have emerged as potential strategies.
Abstract: Many of this treatments for Breast cancer (BC-carcinoma), including surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy, haven't been effective in diminishing mortality rates, but bacterial mediated Antibody-immunotoxins has become one in all the best approaches to cancer treatment. Under these exceeding background, the present review, based on increasing mini re...
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Mathematical Modeling and Optimal Control Analysis on Sedentary Behavior and Physical Activity in Relation to Cardiovascular Disease (CVD)
Lawal Jibril,
Opeyemi Odetunde
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 4, December 2020
Pages:
87-99
Received:
5 November 2020
Accepted:
21 November 2020
Published:
31 December 2020
Abstract: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have remained the leading causes of global death in the last 16 years which is the cause of mortality of 17.7 million people every year. Nowadays, people live in a time where sitting takes up the majority of their daily affairs. The sedentary behavior for prolonged periods of time can leads to a problem of deadly disease such as heart disease, obesity, and diabetes. In this paper a deterministic model for the effects of prolonged sitting is designed. The model, which consists of three ordinary differentials equations is developed and analyzed to study the optimal control analysis on sedentary behavior, physical activity in relation to cardiovascular disease (CVD) in a community. The solutions of the model uniquely exist, nonnegative for all t ≥ 0 with nonnegative initial conditions in R3+, and bounded in a region ΩN. The basic reproduction number which measures the relationship threshold is presented. The model was extended and optimal control theory was applied to examine optimal strategies for controlling or eradicating the new cases of CVD that may be borne due to a life of inactivity. The control measures comprises of education or sensitization u1, living a healthy lifestyle (good nutrition, weight management) u2, and getting plenty of physical activity u3. The impact of using possible combinations of the three intervention strategies was investigated and analyzed. The results of the optimal control model using Pontryagin maximum principle (PMP) revealed that combination of education or sensitization with any other control strategy yields better result to reduce or eradicate the risk of new cases of CVD from sedentary lifestyle.
Abstract: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have remained the leading causes of global death in the last 16 years which is the cause of mortality of 17.7 million people every year. Nowadays, people live in a time where sitting takes up the majority of their daily affairs. The sedentary behavior for prolonged periods of time can leads to a problem of deadly dise...
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